Writers that Influenced our Go essays

Writers that Influenced our Go essays Writers that Influenced our Government Locke and Rousseau were two philosophers who both wrote about human nature. Both philosophers agreed that before civilized man began to govern himself, man existed in a state of nature. These philosophers recognized that people develop a social contract within their society. Even though Locke and Rousseau each had different views on what exactly the social contract is and how it is established, they both agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered for societys protection and that the government has definite responsibilities to its citizens. They both agreed that before men came to govern themselves, they all existed in a state of nature. The state of nature is the condition men were in before political government came into existence, and what society would be if there was no government. John Locke was born at Wrington, Somerset, on August 29, 1932. He had attended the University of Oxford. Locke had spent his boyhood in Beluton, near the village of Pensford. John Locke was an Oxford scholar, medical researcher and physician, politician, and economist. John Locke was the man who presented the idea of separation of church and state. . Jean Jacques Rousseau was born on June 28, 1712 in Geneva, Switzerland. His mother died shortly after his birth, and when he was a boy of ten years his father fled the county to escape criminal charges. His aunt and uncle raised him until the age on sixteen, when he left Geneva and wandered from place to place. He eventually settled in Paris in 1742, earning a living by doing all jobs from footman to an assistant to an ambassador of church and state. Rousseau's most important work is "The Social Contract" that describes the relationship of man with society Even though both Locke and Rousseau agreed that man is free naturally, Locke argued that the state of nature lacked impartial judges, precise laws, and sufficient power to uphold moral. It is ...

Natural Acid and Base Indicators

Natural Acid and Base Indicators There are many common household products and garden plants that can be used as pH indicators. Most plants contain pH-sensitive anthocyanins, making them perfect for testing acid and base levels. Many of these natural pH indicators exhibit a broad range of colors. Plants You Can Use to Test pH Levels The natural world has given us numerous plants, from beets to grapes to onions, that can be used to test the pH levels of a solution. These natural pH indicators include: Beets:  A very basic solution (high pH) will change the color of beets or beet juice from red to purple.Blackberries:  Blackberries, black currants, and black raspberries change from red in an acidic environment to blue or violet in a basic environment.Blueberries:  Blueberries are blue around pH 2.8-3.2, but turn red as the solution becomes even more acidic.Cherries:  Cherries and their juice are red in an acidic solution, but turn blue to purple in a basic solution.Curry Powder:  Curry contains the pigment curcumin, which changes from yellow at pH 7.4 to red at pH 8.6.Delphinium Petals:  The anthocyanin delphinin changes from bluish-red in an acidic solution to violet-blue in a basic solution.Geranium Petals:  Geraniums contain the anthocyanin pelargonin, which changes from orange-red in an acidic solution to blue in a basic solution.Grapes:  Red and purple grapes contain multiple anthocyanins. Blue grapes contain a monoglucoside of malvinidin, which changes from de ep red in an acidic solution to violet in a basic solution. Horse Chestnut Leaves:  Soak horse chestnut leaves in alcohol to extract the fluorescent dye esculin. Esculin is colorless at pH 1.5 but becomes fluorescent blue at pH 2. Get the best effect by shining a black light on the indicator.Morning Glories:  Morning glories contain a pigment known as heavenly blue anthocyanin, which changes from purplish-red at pH 6.6 to blue at pH 7.7.Onion:  Onions are olfactory indicators. You dont smell onions in strongly basic solutions. Red onion also changes from pale red in an acidic solution to green in a basic solution.Petunia Petals:  The anthocyanin petunin changes from reddish-purple in an acidic solution to violet in a basic solution.Poison Primrose: Primula sinensis has orange or blue flowers. The orange flowers contain a mixture of pelargonins. The blue flowers contain malvin, which turns from red to purple as a solution goes from acidic to basic.Purple Peonies:  Peonin changes from reddish-purple or magenta in an acidic solution to deep purple in a basic solution. Red (Purple) Cabbage:  Red cabbage contains a mixture of pigments used to indicate a wide pH range.Rose Petals:  The oxonium salt of cyanin turns from red to blue in a basic solution.Turmeric:  This spice contains a yellow pigment, curcumin, which changes from yellow at pH 7.4 to red at pH 8.6. Household Chemicals That Are pH Indicators If you dont have any of the materials above at hand, you can also use some common household chemicals to test pH levels. These include: Baking Soda:  Baking soda will fizz when added to an acidic solution such as vinegar, but will not fizz in an alkaline solution. The reaction doesnt readily reverse itself, so while baking soda can be used to test a solution, it cant be reused.Color-Changing Lipstick:  Youll need to test your color-changing lipstick to determine its pH range, but most cosmetics that change color respond to changes in pH (these are different from cosmetics that change color according to the angle of light).ExLax Tablets:  These tablets contain phenolphthalein, which is a pH indicator that is colorless in solutions more acidic than pH 8.3 and pink to deep red in solutions more basic than pH 9.Vanilla Extract:  Vanilla extract is an olfactory indicator. You cant smell the characteristic scent at high pHs  because the molecule is in its ionic form.Washing Soda:  As with baking soda, washing soda fizzes in an acidic solution but not in a basic solution.